Betta Siamorientalis is the last new species (2012) of fighting fish belonging to the Betta Splendens group, inhabiting four provinces in the eastern Thailand, is described, mainly known only from Chachoengsao, Sa Kaeo, Prachin Buri and Chon Buri provinces in eastern Thailand plus Banteay Meanchey province in western Cambodia (which borders Sa Kaeo) and at least one unspecified locality in Vietnam so it appears to be quite widely-distributed.
Type locality is "Sai Hai village, Tha Thonglang subdistrict, Bang Khla district, Chachoengsao province, Thailand".
The combination of slender body shape with reddish vertical bars on the black opercle and an apparent black body distinguishes the new species from other congeners, especially Betta Imbellis.
The blacker appearance relative to Betta Imbellis is due to a higher proportion of black body area relative to that occupied by blue/green iridescence of the scales.
Based on morphological similarity and fin colour pattern and vertical bar colour on the opercle, the new species appears to be more closely related to Betta Imbellis and Betta Splendens than other members of the Betta Splendens group (Betta Smaragdina, Betta Mahachaiensis and Betta Stiktos).
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